Praktik Literasi Agama pada Masyarakat Indonesia Tempo Dulu: Tinjauan Awal atas Naskah-naskah Cirebon
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Abstract
The practice of literacy, especially on religious texts, has already exists in Indonesian society based on available written evidence. This paper examines religious manuscripts with the perspective of the study of religious literacy. Analyzed by contextual literacy approach, not an autonomous literacy approach, this paper discusses the practice of local literacy in a specific social context. Furthermore, the contribution of the Indonesia manuscripts to the study of local literacy (indigenous literacy) and religious literacy (faith literacy). Taking the case on several Islamic manuscripts in the Cirebon region which became one of the “granaries” of the Nusantara manuscripts in the West Java, this paper maps important issues in the study of local literacy and religious literacy reflected in these manuscripts, such as the identity negotiated and patron or literacy sponsor and the production of meaning in the literacy practice. This paper argues that the study of religious literacy practice reflected in the Indonesia manuscripts can contribute to the understanding of the production of the contextual meaning of religion that has been practiced by the community that underlies the production of these manuscripts.
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Praktik literasi, terutama terhadap teks keagamaan, sudah ada dalam masyarakat Indonesia (Nusantara) berdasarkan bukti-bukti tertulis yang tersedia. Tulisan ini mengkaji naskah-naskah keagamaan dengan perspektif kajian literasi agama. Pokok bahasannya adalah praktik literasi lokal dalam konteks sosial yang spesifik dengan menggunakan pendekatan praktik literasi kontekstual dan ideologis, bukan dengan pendekatan literasi otonom. Lebih lanjut, kontribusi naskah-naskah Nusantara bagi kajian literasi lokal (indigenous literacy) dan literasi agama (faith literacy). Dengan mengambil kasus pada beberapa naskah keislaman di wilayah Cirebon yang menjadi salah satu “lumbung” bagi khazanah naskah Nusantara di wilayah Jawa Barat, tulisan ini memetakan isu-isu penting dalam kajian literasi lokal dan literasi agama yang terrefleksikan dalam naskah-naskah tersebut, seperti persoalan identitas yang dinegosiasikan dalam naskah dan patron atau sponsor literasi serta produksi makna dalam praktik literasi. Selain itu, kajian praktik literasi agama yang tercermin dalam naskah-naskah Nusantara dapat memberikan kontribusi bagi pemahaman tentang produksi makna agama yang kontekstual yang telah dipraktikkan oleh masyarakat yang melatari produksi naskah-naskah tersebut.
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